Reference Library C

These references support the connection between structural status and health, wellbeing, aging, public welfare costs, productivity.

1. Gavrilov, L. A., and N. S. Gavrilova. “Theoretical Human Longevity: Mathematical Modeling of Human Aging.” 2001.
2. de Grey, A. D. N. J. “Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence.” SENS Foundation materials.
3. Sinclair, David A. Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don’t Have To. New York: Atria Books, 2019.
4. Oschman, James L. Energy Medicine: The Scientific Basis. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
5. Uhrenholt, Lars, Niels Grunnet-Nilsson, and Jan Hartvigsen. “Cervical Spine Lesions After Road Traffic Accidents: A Systematic Review.” Spine 27 (2002): 1934–1941.
6. Taylor, J. R., and M. M. Taylor. “Cervical Spinal Injuries: An Autopsy Study of 109 Blunt Injuries.” Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 4 (1996): 61–79.
7. Schönström, N., and L. Twomey. “The Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joints and Their Synovial Folds: An In Vitro Study of Soft Tissue Injuries and Fractures.” Journal of Trauma 35 (1993): 886–892.
8. Bogduk, Nikolai. “Point of View.” Spine (2017).
9. Batterman, R. C., and S. C. Batterman. “Delta-V, Spinal Trauma, and the Myth of the Minimal Damage Accident.” Journal of Whiplash & Related Disorders 1 (2002): 1.
10. Hijioka, A., and T. Nakamura. “Risk Factors for Long-Term Treatment of Whiplash Injury in Japan: Analysis of 400 Cases.” Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 121 (2001): 490–493.
11. Siegmund, G. P., and J. T. Inglis. “Awareness Affects the Response of Human Subjects Exposed to a Single Whiplash-Like Perturbation.” Spine 28 (2003): 671–679.
12. Krakenes, J., B. R. Kaale, G. Moen, H. Nordli, N. E. Gilhus, and J. Rorvik. “MRI Assessment of the Alar Ligaments in the Late Stage of Whiplash Injury: A Study of Structural Abnormalities and Observer Agreement.” Neuroradiology 44 (2002): 617–624.
13. Freemont, A. J., T. E. Peacock, P. Goupille, J. A. Hoyland, J. O’Brien, and M. I. V. Jayson. “Nerve Growth Factor Expression and Innervation of the Painful Intervertebral Disc.” Journal of Pathology 197 (2002): 286–292.
14. Freemont, A. J., A. Watkins, C. Le Maitre, et al. “Nerve Ingrowth into Diseased Intervertebral Disc in Chronic Back Pain.” Lancet 350 (1997): 178–181.
15. Palmgren, T., M. Grönblad, J. Virri, E. Kääpä, and E. Karaharju. “Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Sensory and Autonomic Nerve Terminals in Herniated Lumbar Disc Tissue.” Spine 21 (1996): 1301–1306.
16. Coppes, M. H., E. Marani, R. T. W. M. Thomeer, and G. J. Groen. “Innervation of Painful Lumbar Discs.” Spine 22 (1997): 2342–2349.
17. Solomonow, M., and M. Krogsgaard. “The Sensory Function of Ligaments.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 12 (2002): 165–176.
18. Solomonow, M., and M. Krogsgaard. “Sensorimotor Control of the Spine.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 12 (2002): 219–234.
19. Jiang, H., et al. “Identification of the Location, Extent and Pathway of Sensory Neurologic Feedback After Mechanical Stimulation of a Lateral Spinal Ligament in Chickens.” Spine 22 (1997): 17–25.
20. Elenkov, I. J., R. L. Wilder, G. P. Chrousos, and E. S. Vizi. “The Sympathetic Nerve—An Integrative Interface Between Two Supersystems: The Brain and the Immune System.” Pharmacological Reviews 52 (2000): 595–638.
21. Vizi, E. S., and I. J. Elenkov. “Nonsynaptic Noradrenaline Release in Neuroimmune Responses.” Acta Biologica Hungarica 53 (2002): 229–244.
22. Budgell, B., and F. Hirano. “Innocuous Mechanical Stimulation of the Neck and Alterations in Heart-Rate Variability in Healthy Young Adults.” Autonomic Neuroscience 91 (2001): 96–99.
23. “Spinal Manipulation Improves Mental Outlook.” Family Practice 20 (2003): 662–669.
24. “Chiropractors and Low Back Pain.” Lancet 336 (July 1990): 220.
25. Adams, J., and K. Gee. “Reduction of Cholesterol in a Patient with Dyslipidemia Undergoing Chiropractic Care: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.” Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research (2023): 111–119.
26. Seletz, Ernest. “Craniocerebral Injuries and the Postconcussion Syndrome.” Journal of the International College of Surgeons 27, no. 1 (January 1957): 46–53.
27. Billig, H. “Traumatic Neck, Head, Eye Syndrome.” Journal of the International College of Surgeons 20, no. 5 (November 1953): 558–561.
28. Seletz, Ernest. “Whiplash Injuries: Neurophysiological Basis for Pain and Methods Used for Rehabilitation.” Journal of the American Medical Association 168 (November 1958): 1750–1755.
29. Ferrari, Robert. “A Re-Examination of Whiplash Associated Disorders.” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 64 (August 2005): 1337–1342.
30. Kasch, Helge, and Troels S. Jensen. “Handicap After Acute Whiplash Injury: A 1-Year Prospective Study of Risk Factors.” Neurology 56 (June 26, 2001): 1637–1643.
31. Gargan, M. F., and G. C. Bannister. “The Rate of Recovery Following Whiplash Injury.” European Spine Journal 3 (1994): 162–164.
32. Squires, B., and G. C. Bannister. “Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Cervical Spine: 15-Year Follow-Up.” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 78 (1996): 955–957.
33. Sterling, Michele, and Julia Treleaven. “Cervical Range of Motion Discriminates Between Asymptomatic Persons and Those with Whiplash.” Spine 26 (October 2001): 2090–2094.
34. Hoving, J. L., et al. “Manual Therapy, Physical Therapy, or Continued Care by a General Practitioner for Patients with Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Annals of Internal Medicine 136, no. 10 (May 2002): 713–722.
35. Giles, Lynton, and Reinhold Muller. “Chronic Spinal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Medication, Acupuncture and Spinal Manipulation.” Spine 28, no. 14 (July 2003): 1490–1502.
36. Muller, Reinhold, and Lynton Giles. “Long-Term Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Medication, Acupuncture and Spinal Manipulation for Chronic Mechanical Spinal Pain Syndromes.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 28, no. 1 (January 2005).
37. Banic, Boris, et al. “Evidence for Spinal Cord Hypersensitivity in Chronic Pain After Whiplash Injury and in Fibromyalgia.” Pain 107 (January 2004): 7–15.
38. Pearson, Andrew M., et al. “Facet Joint Kinematics and Injury Mechanisms During Simulated Whiplash.” Spine 29, no. 4 (February 2004): 390–397.
39. Panjabi, Manohar M., et al. “Injury Mechanisms of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc During Simulated Whiplash.” Spine 29, no. 11 (June 2004): 1217–1225.
40. Pettersson, H., et al. “Disc Pathology After Whiplash Injury: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Investigation.” Spine 22 (1997): 283–287.
41. Jonsson, H., et al. “Findings and Outcome in Whiplash-Type Neck Distortions.” Spine 19 (1994): 2733–2743.
42. Davis, S. J., and L. Teresi. “Cervical Spine Hyperextension Injuries: MR Findings.” Radiology 180 (1991): 245–251.
43. Hohl, M. “Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Neck in Automobile Accidents: Factors Influencing Prognosis.” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery—American Volume 56 (1974): 1675–1682.
44. Hamer, A., and M. Gargan. “Prognostic Factors in Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Cervical Spine.” Injury 24 (1993): 549–550.
45. Watkinson, A., and M. Gargan. “Prognostic Factors in Soft-Tissue Injuries of the Cervical Spine.” Injury 22 (1991): 307–309.
46. Ivancic, Paul C., et al. “Injury of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament During Whiplash Simulation.” European Spine Journal 13 (January 2004): 61–68.
47. Bunketorp, L., and J. Carlsson. “Outcome Following Whiplash Injury.” European Spine Journal 11 (2002): 227–234.
48. Bland, Jefferson R. Disorders of the Cervical Spine. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, n.d., 84.
49. Macnab, Ian. “Acceleration Extension Injuries of the Cervical Spine.” In The Spine, edited by Rothman and Simeone, 648, 653. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1982.
50. Hohl, M. “Acceleration of Degenerative Disc Disease Following Whiplash Injuries.” In The Cervical Spine, Cervical Spine Research Society, 440. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1989.
51. Kaeser, H. E., and T. Ettlin. “Whiplash, Hearing Loss and Upper Cervical Manipulation.” Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin Praxis 88, no. 49 (December 1999): 2021–2024.
52. vos Savant, Marilyn. “Death from War Versus Death from Motor Vehicle Collisions.” Parade Magazine, March 2006, 6.
53. Silber, J., and A. Vaccaro. “Whiplash: Fact or Fiction?” American Journal of Orthopedics (January 2005).
54. Kaale, B., and K. Wester. “Head Position and Impact Direction in Whiplash Injuries: Associations with MRI-Verified Lesions of Ligaments and Membranes in the Upper Cervical Spine.” Journal of Neurotrauma 22, no. 11 (November 2005): 1294–1302.
55. Tominaga, Y., et al. “Head-Turned Rear Impact Causing Dynamic Cervical Intervertebral Foramen Narrowing: Implications for Ganglion and Nerve Root Injury.” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 4 (May 2006): 380–387.
56. Centeno, Christopher J., and William Elkins. “A Review of the Literature Refuting the Concept of Minor Impact Soft Tissue Injury.” Pain Research and Management 10, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 71–74.
57. Gargan, M. F., and G. C. Bannister. “The Fluctuation in Recovery Following Whiplash Injury: 7.5-Year Prospective Review.” Injury 36, no. 6 (June 2005): 758–761.
58. Duffy, Michael, and Wayne Stuberg. “Whiplash-Associated Disorder from a Low-Velocity Bumper Car Collision: History, Evaluation and Surgery.” Spine 29, no. 17 (2004): 1881–1884.
59. Brault, J. R., et al. “Clinical Response of Human Subjects to Rear-End Automobile Collisions.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79 (1998): 72–80.
60. Rosenbluth, W., and L. Hicks. “Evaluating Low-Speed Rear-End Impact Severity and Resultant Occupant Stress Parameters.” Journal of Forensic Science 39 (1994): 1393–1424.
61. Yoshiba, H., and S. Tsutsumi. “Experimental Analysis of a New Flexible Neck Model for Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 33 (2001): 305–312.
62. Gargan, M., and G. Bannister. “The Behavioral Response to Whiplash Injury.” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery—British Volume 79 (1997): 523–526.
63. Pobereskin, L. “Whiplash Following Rear-End Collision: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 76 (August 2005): 1146–1151.
64. Croft, Arthur, and Michael Freeman. “Correlating Crash Severity with Injury Risk, Injury Severity, and Long-Term Symptoms in Low Velocity Motor Vehicle Collisions.” Medical Science Monitor 11, no. 10 (October 2005): 316–321.
65. Freeman, Michael, and Christopher Centeno. “Significant Spinal Injury Resulting from Low-Level Accelerations: A Case Series of Roller Coaster Injuries.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86, no. 11 (November 2005): 2126–2130.
66. Stemper, Brian D., et al. “Effects of Abnormal Posture on Capsular Ligament Elongations in a Computational Model Subjected to Whiplash Loading.” Journal of Biomechanics 38, no. 6 (June 2005): 1313–1323.
67. Kado, Deborah M., et al. “Hyperkyphotic Posture Predicts Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling Men and Women: A Prospective Study.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52, no. 10 (October 2004): 1662.
68. Glassman, Steven D., et al. “The Impact of Positive Sagittal Balance in Adult Spinal Deformity.” Spine 30, no. 18 (September 2005): 2024–2029.
69. White, Augustus A. III, and Manohar M. Panjabi. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1978.
70. Shimizu, K., et al. “Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the Spinal Cord: A New Model of Kyphotic Deformity.” Spine. Publication details incomplete.
71. Defrin, Ruth, et al. “Conservative Correction of Leg-Length Discrepancies of 10 mm or Less for the Relief of Chronic Low Back Pain.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86, no. 11 (November 2005): 2075–2080.
72. Panjabi, Manohar M. “A Hypothesis of Chronic Back Pain: Ligament Subfailure Injuries Lead to Muscle Control Dysfunction.” European Spine Journal (July 2005).
73. Indahl, A., et al. “Interaction Between the Porcine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc, Zygapophysial Joints and Paraspinal Muscles.” Spine 22 (1997): 2834–2840.
74. Kirkaldy-Willis, W. H., and J. D. Cassidy. “Spinal Manipulation in the Treatment of Low Back Pain.” Canadian Family Physician 31 (March 1985): 536–540.
75. Meade, T. W., et al. “Low Back Pain of Mechanical Origin: Randomized Comparison of Chiropractic and Hospital Outpatient Treatment.” British Medical Journal 300 (June 1990): 1431–1437.
76. Meade, T. W., et al. “Randomized Comparison of Chiropractic for Low Back Pain: Results from Extended Follow-Up.” British Medical Journal 311 (August 1995): 349–351.
77. Woodward, M., et al. “Chiropractic Treatment of Chronic Whiplash Injuries.” Injury 27, no. 9 (November 1996): 643–645.
78. Khan, S., and J. Cook. “A Symptomatic Classification of Whiplash Injury and the Implications for Treatment.” Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 21, no. 1 (1999): 22–25.
79. “Supine Leg Checks May Predict General Health Status.” Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research (November 2004): 1–5.
80. “Spinal Manipulative Therapy Alone as Effective as Combining Spinal Manipulative Therapy and Interferential Therapy.” Spine 29 (October 2004): 2207–2216.
81. Katz, Erik, et al. “Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow on Brain Magnetic Resonance Angiogram Following Correction of Cervical Lordosis.” Brain Circulation 5, no. 1 (January–March 2019): 19–26.
82. Winsor, Henry. “The Evidence of the Association, in Dissected Cadavers, of Visceral Disease with Vertebral Deformities of the Same Sympathetic Segments.” Medical Times (November 1921): 1–7.
83. Korr, I. M. “The Spinal Cord as Organizer of Disease Processes: III. Hyperactivity of Sympathetic Innervation as a Common Factor in Disease.” Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 79, no. 4 (December 1979): 232–237.
84. Steinman, Lawrence. “Elaborate Interactions Between the Immune and Nervous Systems.” Nature Immunology 5 (May 2004): 575–581.
85. Playfair, Jonathan, and Benjamin Chain. Immunology at a Glance. 8th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
86. Coico, Richard, and Eli Benjamini. Immunology: A Short Course. New York: Wiley-Liss, 2003, 11–18.
87. Sternberg, Esther M. “Neural Regulation of Innate Immunity: A Coordinated Nonspecific Host Response to Pathogens.” Nature Reviews Immunology 6 (April 2006): 318–328.
88. Gaab, J., et al. “Reduced Reactivity and Enhanced Negative Feedback Sensitivity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorder.” Pain 119, nos. 1–3 (December 2005): 219–224.
89. Brook, Charles G. D., and Nicholas J. Marshall. Essential Endocrinology. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001, 37–38, 47.
90. Rabin, Bruce S. Stress, Immune Function, and Health: The Connection. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1999, 70, 114, 129.
91. Schäfer, M., and C. Stein. “Mind Over Matter: Regulation of Peripheral Inflammation by the CNS.” In Peripheral Mechanisms of Inflammatory Pain. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 2003.
92. Kin, N., and Virginia M. Sanders. “It Takes Nerve to Tell T and B Cells What to Do.” Journal of Leukocyte Biology 79 (June 2006).
93. Greaves, Mel, and F. Alexander. “Day Care in Infancy and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Findings from UK Case-Control Study.” British Medical Journal (June 2005).
94. Marra, F., et al. “Does Antibiotic Exposure During Infancy Lead to Development of Asthma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Chest 129, no. 3 (March 2006): 610–618.